Which model of disability emphasizes social barriers rather than individual impairments?

• A. Medical Model of Disability
• B. Standard Model of Disability
• C. Social Model of Disability
• D. Cultural Model of Disability

Answer: (C)

The Social Model of Disability is grounded in the understanding that disability arises not just from an individual’s physical or mental limitations, but significantly from the societal barriers and attitudes that restrict participation in society. This perspective shifts the focus from the individual’s impairments to the ways in which society is organized and the systemic obstacles that inhibit full engagement and inclusion.

By emphasizing social barriers, the Social Model asserts that many challenges faced by individuals with disabilities are the result of an inaccessible environment, discriminatory practices, and a lack of awareness or resources. This model advocates for societal change, accessibility, and inclusion, suggesting that if physical and attitudinal barriers were removed, individuals with disabilities could lead fulfilling lives with full participation in society.

In contrast, other models, like the Medical Model of Disability, focus primarily on diagnosis and treatment of individual impairments, positioning disability as a problem to be fixed by healthcare professionals. The Standard Model and Cultural Model also differ in their approaches, with the former lacking a definitive framework widely recognized in the field and the latter emphasizing the cultural context but not predominantly addressing social barriers. Thus, the Social Model stands out for its emphasis on changing societal structures to create a more inclusive world.